The process of allocating the cost of a tangible fixed asset over the asset's useful life is called _____________ .

The correct term for the process of allocating the cost of a tangible fixed asset over its useful life is depreciation. This accounting method allows businesses to recognize the reduction in value of an asset as it is used over time. By spreading the cost across the asset's useful life, companies can accurately reflect the expense associated with the asset in their financial statements, thereby providing a more accurate picture of profitability and asset management.

Depreciation takes into consideration factors such as wear and tear, obsolescence, and market value changes over time. This systematic reduction helps align the asset's cost with the revenues generated from using the asset, which is a fundamental principle of accrual accounting.

In contrast, appreciation refers to an increase in an asset's value, which is not applicable to tangible fixed assets in the context of accounting for their costs. Accrual is a broader accounting concept related to recognizing revenues and expenses when they are earned or incurred rather than when cash is exchanged. Thus, depreciation is the appropriate term in this context, as it specifically pertains to the allocation of costs for tangible fixed assets.